Colored amorphous silica-based powder with TiN nanocrystals precipitated by ammonolysis of Ti–Si–O ternary glass

Coloration of amorphous silica powder containing titania was investigated by nitridation in an ammonia flow. The oxide precursors were obtained by the hydrolysis of a mixture of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and tetrabutoxy titanium (TBT). The color changed with the amount of TBT in the mixture, the hydrolysis pH and the ammonolysis temperature. The original white color of the 8 mol% TBT powder hydrolyzed under basic pH conditions changed to pale goldenrod at 700°C, then to dark olive green at 800°C, and further darkened with increasing ammonolysis temperature. A steel-blue color appeared at 900°C for the powder obtained with 3 mol% TBT, and increased in darkness at 1000°C. A similar bluish color was observed for powders obtained by acidic hydrolysis after ammonolysis above 900°C, and this was independent of the amount of titania, although the chroma decreased with increasing firing temperature for the powder with 3 mol% TBT. The ammonolysis powder products were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe micro analysis (EPMA), transmission electron microscopy-electron energy-loss spectroscopy (TEM-EELS), scanning transmission electron microscopy-high-angle annular dark-field imaging (STEM-HAADF) and Ti–K edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). The color change was related to both precipitated TiN nanocrystals and residual titanium in the amorphous silica matrix. The TiN exhibited a goldish reflection and also plasmonic absorption from light blue to gray depending on the TiN crystallite size. The plasmonic absorption and resonance of nanocrystalline TiN will be useful similarly to that of gold in nanotechnology for various kinds of energy application.     

扫描隧道显微镜钨针尖的制备与表征

采用直流电化学刻蚀方法制备扫描隧道显微镜钨针尖,研究了电化学刻蚀过程中NaOH溶液浓度、钨丝浸入长度和刻蚀电压对针尖形貌的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测量针尖曲率半径和针尖纵横比值,以表征针尖的尺寸和形状;通过能谱仪(EDS)分析针尖表面成分,以表征表面清洁度;通过场发射显微镜(FEM)得到Fowler-Nordheim (F-N)曲线来检测针尖发射性能。实验结果表明,当溶液浓度为2 mol/L、钨丝浸入长度为4 mm、刻蚀电压为3 V时,可以得到曲率半径约为100 nm、纵横比值为13的针尖,且表面无钨的氧化层。FEM结果显示当对针尖施加500 V的负偏压时,针尖可以稳定发射50 nA量级的电流,且针尖性能具有良好的一致性。     

Influence of additive materials on the roughness of AISI D2 steel in electrical discharge machining (EDM) environment

The quality of the machined surface resulted from the electrical discharge machining (EDM) environment is not efficient according to the previous studies. One of the significant problems is the impedance of dielectric fluid, where it is contributing to focusing the plasma channel in a limited area. Hence, this behavior leads to appearing deep craters on the machined zone. The researchers have attempted to enhance the average of surface roughness by employing powder particles or surfactant as the additive materials in the dielectric fluid. Unfortunately, these studies did not present a comparison between these additive materials in this environment. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the performance of the average of surface roughness (R_a) for AISI D2 steel by utilizing Nano chromium powder (NCP) and Span-20. The present work has proved that the behavior of the average of surface roughness for this steel is dropping at the maximum level of Nano chromium powder concentration and pulse duration as compared to the behavior with the Span-20. Moreover, the best roughness was produced by this steel with Nano chromium powder at 2 g/L and 20 μs for this powder and the pulse duration.     

铁基含油轴承材料表面硫化改性及摩擦学性能

为改善边界润滑工况下铁基含油轴承材料的摩擦学性能,采用低温液体渗硫技术在材料表面形成一层固体渗硫层,微观检测渗硫层形貌与成分,并在端面摩擦磨损试验机上进行摩擦学实验,分析其摩擦磨损性能与自润滑机理。结果表明:渗硫层中固体润滑剂的主要成分为FeS,硫化物沿着基体孔道由材料表面向内部扩散,渗硫层的厚度约为15μm;与未硫化材料相比,硫化材料的摩擦因数明显降低,且硫化时间越长,轴承表面渗硫层的减摩性能越好;表面硫化改性后,利用轴承基体多孔含油与表面渗硫层的液固协同润滑作用,其综合摩擦磨损性能比单纯固体润滑或单纯油润滑的减摩性能都要好,边界润滑工况下的抗擦伤、抗咬合性能得到改善。     

CaCuO2颗粒尺寸对双粉法制备Bi系高温超导带材性能的影响

本文通过基于共沉淀工艺的双粉法制备了Bi_1.76Pb_0.34Sr_1.93Ca_2.0Cu_3.06O_8+d (Bi-2223)前驱体粉末。在这一过程中,首先单独制备了Bi_1.76Pb_0.34Sr_1.93CaCu_2.06O_8+d (Bi-2212)和CaCuO₂(实际相组成为Ca₂CuO₃和CuO)粉末,并分别进行了烧结。通过调节共沉淀工艺过程中的pH值,获得了颗粒尺寸不同的CaCuO₂粉末,然后将Bi-2212与其按照相组成相组成为1:1进行混合,并装入Ag包套中,通过一系列的旋锻、拉拔和轧制工艺,获得设计尺寸的Bi-2223带材。比表面积测试表明随着pH值从3.0增加到5.0和6.5,获得CaCuO₂粉末的平均颗粒尺寸从1.1减小到0.75和0.60 mm。通过扫描电镜对不同尺寸CaCuO₂颗粒制备的Bi-2223生带、第一次热处理和后处理之后带材的相组成和分布进行了表征。结果表明,适当尺寸的CaCuO₂颗粒可以避免团聚现象的出现,因此有利于高载流性能带材的获得。最终通过进一步调节带材的尺寸,1#带材的性能最高,达到了12200 Acm^_-2。     

Process−microstructure−properties relationship in Al−CNTs−Al2O3 nanocomposites manufactured by hybrid powder metallurgy and microwave sintering process

Al−2CNTs−xAl₂O₃ nanocomposites were manufactured by a hybrid powder metallurgy and microwave sintering process. The correlation between process-induced microstructural features and the material properties including physical and mechanical properties as well as ultrasonic parameters was measured. It was found that physical properties including densification and physical dimensional changes were closely associated with the morphology and particle size of nanocomposite powders. The maximum density was obtained by extensive particle refinement at milling time longer than 8 h and Al₂O₃ content of 10 wt.%. Mechanical properties were controlled by Al₂O₃ content, dispersion of nano reinforcements and grain size. The optimum hardness and strength properties were achieved through incorporation of 10 wt.% Al₂O₃ and homogenous dispersion of CNTs and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles (NPs) at 12 h of milling which resulted in the formation of high density of dislocations and extensive grain size refinement. Also both longitudinal and shear velocities and attenuation increase linearly by increasing Al₂O₃ content and milling time. The variation of ultrasonic velocity and attenuation was attributed to the degree of dispersion of CNTs and Al₂O₃ and also less inter-particle spacing in the matrix. The larger Al₂O₃ content and more homogenous dispersion of CNTs and Al₂O₃ NPs at longer milling time exerted higher velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic wave.     

Pd-Decorated Tungsten as Pt-Free Bimetallic Catalysts for Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Alkaline Electrolyte

Developing Pt-free catalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline solution is becoming a key challenge in the development of anion exchange membrane fuel cells and electrochemical reactors. Herein, we present the preparation, HOR activity, and stability of Pd-decorated tungsten (Pd-d-W) catalysts. The Pd-d-W catalysts were prepared by the chemically activated surface of tungsten nanoparticles by Pd ions. The resultant bimetallic catalysts consisted of crystalline phases of both Pd and W nanoparticles. The CO stripping voltammograms and H-desorption (H_des) peak potential of hydrogen desorption in Pd suggests that the enhancement of HOR catalytic activity observed in Pd-d-W catalyst can be ascribed to the modification of electronic property of Pd and availability of OH_ad near-surface Pd atoms.     

Graphite powder coated polyurethane sponge hollow tube as a high-efficiency and cost-effective oil-removal materials for continuous oil collection from water surface

In this study, the cost-effective graphite powder (GPd)-coated polyurethane (PGPd-PU) sponge hollow tube (PGPd-PUHT) was prepared for high-efficient continuous oil removal, the hydrophobicity-superoleophilicity PGPd-PU sponge was fabricated through a simple dip-coating method, which dipping PU sponge into GPd dispersion and drying, then coating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on sponge skeleton, as-prepared sponge could selectively absorb a variety of oils up to 34 times of its own weight for dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The PGPd-PUHT was prepared via wrapping PGPd-PU sponge on porous tubular support. The obtained PGPd-PUHT could continuously collect various types of oils from water surface with flux as high as 1.52 kL/m²h, and excellent separation efficiency (up to 97.7%) for toluene, as well as remarkable reusability. Moreover, a continuous floating oil collection device based on PGPd-PUHT was designed which showed excellent floating oil collection ability. In addition, our strategy possesses the advantages of low cost, simple preparation, highly efficient, and easily scale-up, showing a great potential for dealing with practical oil spill remediation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48921.